THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER IN THE NOVEL BUPPHESANNIVAS BY ROMPAENG

Abstract

This research article aims to investigate the construction of gender in the novel Bupphesannivas by Rompaeng, focusing on analyzing the relationship between gender roles and social class structures. The study employs textual analysis under the frameworks of gender, feminist theory, and patriarchy, categorizing the analysis based on male and female characteristics within the master class (Mun Nai) and the commoner/slave class (Phrai/That).

          The research findings indicate that: 1) Regarding masculinity in the master class, men are portrayed as the “pillars of the land” while simultaneously serving as “heads of the household.” They also function as survivors in a feudal society, which reveals the dark side of power, violence, and status maintenance. 2) Regarding femininity in the master class, women are depicted through the archetype of the “ideal lady” (Kulasatri); however, gender negotiation is also observed. 3) Regarding masculinity in the commoner and slave class, men are characterized by servitude and submission, evident in their roles as laborers and subordinates, as protectors acting under orders, and ultimately as loyal and self-sacrificing individuals. 4) Regarding femininity in the commoner and slave class, for commoners (Phrai), femininity is confined within class boundaries, functioning as public labor amidst “painful freedom.” For slaves (That), femininity is reflected through their roles as servants, loyal figures, and emotional expressers, with their bodies serving as symbols of social class.

          Consequently, gender is constructed through the intersection of patriarchy and the class system, resulting in power dynamics that vary according to social status. This novel does not merely reproduce the social order but serves as a discursive space for characters to negotiate between feminist concepts and traditional customs, reflecting that gender is fluid and its meaning can be reconstructed.