MODEL OF BUDDHIST PROPAGATION BY OVERSEAS DHAMMADUTA BHIKKHUS IN THE UNITED STATES

Abstract

This research aimed (1) to examine the general conditions of Buddhist propagation conducted by overseas Dhammaduta Bhikkhus in the United States, (2) to analyze the processes of Buddhist propagation employed by overseas Dhammaduta Bhikkhus in the United States, and (3) to propose a Buddhist propagation model suitable for the American context. This study employed a qualitative research approach, using in-depth interviews as the primary data collection method. The participants consisted of 18 overseas Dhammaduta Bhikkhus and lay practitioners actively serving in the United States, selected through purposive sampling based on their representativeness. Data were analyzed using contextual content analysis.

          The findings revealed that (1) the general conditions of Buddhist propagation by overseas Dhammaduta Bhikkhus in the United States showed notable strengths, particularly in the Bhikkhus’ English language proficiency, understanding of local culture, and effective temple management systems. However, key weaknesses were identified, including a shortage of Dhammaduta Bhikkhus and budgetary constraints, despite opportunities arising from increasing religious openness in American society. (2) The process of Buddhist propagation was conducted in accordance with the PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) quality cycle, beginning with planning focused on personnel development and resource management, followed by implementation through diverse learning activities, systematic evaluation, and continuous improvement. (3) The proposed Buddhist propagation model emphasized the four core components of communication: sender, message, communication channels, and receiver, all of which were adapted to the American social context. This adaptation involved the use of digital media and modern technologies, the integration of Buddhist principles with contemporary sciences, and the establishment of collaborative networks with local communities.