A Review of Paṭiccasamuppāda Circle in Buddhist Perspectives Doctor of Buddhist Studies Program, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

Abstract

This academic article aims to show that Paṭiccasamuppāda or the co-occurrence of the 12 Dhammas, namely ignorance, mental formations, consciousness, name and forms, six sensual bases, sensation, feeling, craving, attachment, being, old age and death, which are related. This Paṭiccasamuppāda contains both risen way and extinguished way. The risen way starts with ignorance as a factor in Saṅkhāra which later causes the rise of consciousness, consciousness causes the rise of name and forms, name and form cause the rise of six sensual organs, the six sensual organs causes the rise of contacts, the contacts causes the rise of feeling, feeling causes the rise of desire, the desire causes the rise of attachment, the attachment causes the rise of being, being causes the rise of birth, the birth causes the old age and death and old age and death cause the rise of sorrows, lamentation, suffering, sadness and distress, thus the whole suffering arises. As for the extinguished line, it extinguished and went reverse. The cycle of Paṭiccasamuppāda that had been continued for a long time was broken. The cycle of life is not continuous, the present life becomes the last birth, the extinguishment of Paṭiccasamuppāda is considered to be the attainment of the highest level of Dhamma in Buddhism, becoming a noble person or Arahant, who will never return to the cycle of death and rebirth anymore.