AN INTERPRETATION OF THE COSMOLOGICAL CONCEPT EMBODIED IN THE CHEDI OF WAT PA SAK, CHIANG SAEN, CHIANG RAI
Keywords:
Cosmological concept, Wat Pa Sak Chiang SaenAbstract
This academic article aims to interpret the cosmological concepts embodied in the stupa of Wat Pa Sak Chiang Saen in Chiang Rai Province, which stands as a significant historical monument reflecting Buddhist beliefs of the ancient Lanna people. The cosmological conception of Wat Pa Sak Chiang Saen stupa represents a distinctive structural paradigm, illustrating the system of planes of existence (bhava-bhūmi) and the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra-vaṭṭa). The architectural arrangement positions the stupa as the principal element, symbolizing Mount Meru (Sineru-pabbata) as the cosmic axis, thereby reflecting Buddhist doctrines and philosophical principles in a unique architectural expression. The stupa's components are distinctly divided to demonstrate the interconnection with the three-tiered cosmological concept: (1) the base of the stupa, representing the Sītandara Ocean and the human realm (manussaloka); (2) the middle section, symbolizing the Tāvatiṃsa Heaven and other celestial realms (devaloka); and (3) the apex, signifying Nibbāna and liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Thus, the cosmological concept of the Wat Pa Sak Chiang Saen stupa constitutes an architectural model of cosmic structure, symbolizing the psychological and moral processes through which humans aspire to develop themselves toward the attainment of Nibbāna. Moreover, it serves as a reminder of the perpetual cycle of rebirth, encouraging spiritual cultivation toward ultimate liberation from saṃsāra.
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